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[img]As a general reader, you might be wondering why you need to learn medical English. Believe me, you will be sorry later in your life if you don't. Today, due to the widespread availability of information, a non-medical person can also understand many things about diagnosis and diseases. If you know some common medical terms then you can choose the right doctor for a specific treatment. You would also understand what the different diagnostic terms mean. You can make informed treatment-related decisions. Sometimes, patients suffer from maltreatment. Knowing medical terms can help you avoid this scenario. Gaining some medical knowledge can help you in emergencies when doctors may not be available right away. Doctors and nurses are well aware of the various medical vocabulary. Those healthcare professionals who assist the doctors and nurses must also know medical English, like ward boys, pharmacy assistants, or medical equipment suppliers. Knowing medical English saves time in communicating. It also results in fewer work-related errors. Here is a list of vocabulary for healthcare professionals that patients and others may also learn.

Places

Operating Room (OR): operation or surgery takes place here. Ward: room shared by many patients. Cabin: Individual accommodation for patients. Emergency Room (ER): a part of the hospital providing immediate treatment for urgent conditions. Pharmacy: a place where medications are stored and dispensed. Clinic: a healthcare facility providing regular or specialized outpatient care. Intensive Care Unit (ICU): a special hospital department for critically ill patients. Laboratory: a place where medical tests are conducted. Rehabilitation center: a facility that helps patients recover after surgeries or injuries. Waiting room: an area where patients and their guests wait before, during, or after appointments or treatments. Radiology department: the part of the hospital where imaging tests are performed. Outpatient department: where patients receive treatments without being admitted overnight.

Medical abbreviations

CBC: blood test MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): taking 3D images of internal body organs using radio waves. ECG (echocardiogram): test to see the condition of the heart. X-ray: using electromagnetic radiation to take images of organs. CT scan: a type of X-ray to provide cross-sectional images of the body.

Medical field

Diagnosis: carry out tests to find out your health condition. Prescription: advice including list of medicines written by the doctor. Hypertension: high blood pressure. Painkiller: medicine for reducing pain. Dosage: how many times you have to take certain medicines. Biopsy (of abnormal cells): test to find out if you have any cancerous cells in your body or other conditions by removing cells. Trauma: shock due to any negative experience, like an accident. Flu: viral infection affecting the nose, throat, and lungs. Check-up: a routine examination by a doctor. Ultrasound: using sound waves to view internal organs.

Disease

Chronic: a disease that lasts for a long time and gets worse over time. Benign: without complications, for example, a benign tumor is harmless. Terminal: terminal disease can't be cured; that is, the patient will eventually die. Cure: Treatment

Medical personnel

Surgeon: someone who operates patients. Anesthesiologist: who gives anesthesia before the operation Cardiologist: heart specialist Traumatologist: specializes in trauma Orthopedist: specializes in bones Gastroenterologist: a doctor who treats problems in the digestive system. Dermatologist: specializes in skin diseases Gynecologist: who specializes in female reproductive health Urologist: a doctor who specializes in treating diseases concerning urinary tracts. Ophthalmologist: eye specialist Therapist: who gives therapy to improve body and muscle movements Paediatrician: children's doctor Physician: Doctor MD: Doctor Dentist: who focuses on oral health Family doctor: a doctor who treats family members regularly. Midwife: who helps deliver babies Neurologist: brain and neuro system specialist Psychiatrist: mental health specialist Radiologist: a doctor specializing in imaging. Pathologist: a doctor who analyses body tissues and fluids. Psychologist: a professional who provides mental counseling and therapy. Paramedic: a healthcare professional providing emergency medical care outside the hospital. Dietitian: a healthcare professional who creates eating plans for patients.

Common Health Problems

Fever: a very high temperature. Cough: minor lung problem. Allergy: red eyes, runny nose, skin irritation, etc. from food, medicine, or other things. Infection: invasion of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, etc. Asthma: a respiratory condition that causes breathing problems. Diabetes: a chronic condition that affects the body's ability to control sugar. Migraine: a type of severe headache. Anxiety: a mental health disorder causing fear and worry. Depression: a mental health condition due to constant feelings of sadness. Arthritis: a condition that causes pain in the joints. Fracture: a crack in a bone. Indigestion: discomfort in the stomach.

Treatments

Surgery: a medical procedure used to repair or remove body parts. Therapy: treatment of a disorder. Vaccination: apply a vaccine to help the body develop immunity to a disease. Chemotherapy: a cancer treatment using drugs for killing or slowing down the growth of cancer cells. Radiation therapy: a cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. Dialysis: a treatment to remove waste products from the blood when a person's kidney doesn't work properly. Insulin therapy: a treatment for diabetes for controlling blood sugar levels. Antibiotics: medications for fighting bacterial infections. Transplant: replacing a failing organ with a healthy one from a specific donor. Rehabilitation: a program to restore strength after injury or surgery. Inhaler: a device that provides medication to the lungs. It is used by asthma patients often. Acupuncture: therapy that uses needles to treat pain. Once you know these medical terms, you will feel a lot more comfortable communicating with the healthcare professionals. These terms will help you move around the hospital and get better treatment for any diseases.

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Communication plays a crucial role in the tourism and hospitality industry. As service is everything here, good communication can get you loyal customers and improve your brand image. There are different players in this sector and being able to communicate in English with the tourists and service providers can give you an advantage over others. English is not only important for the regular operations of this business but also for cultural exchange and emergencies. If you are a tour operator, you might have to deal with multilingual groups. English is the best way to communicate with them. With English, you can reach global audiences. Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world which is still growing. This sector involves people from different countries. So, the importance of having a common language like English cannot be stressed more. Knowing the proper usage of English keeps customers satisfied. It also reduces the gap between tourists and local people. Several functions are carried out in the tourism and hospitality industry. For example, booking flights and hotels, learning about the local attractions, finding local tour operators, asking for directions, and more. Here are some benefits of effective communication in English within the tourism and hospitality industry. [img]

Greater customer satisfaction

If you are an English-speaking tour guide then your guests will learn a lot about the places they are visiting. They can also ask questions to soothe their curious minds regarding culture, food, people, places, history, and more. They can ask for directions and recommendations about restaurants, activities, and tourist attractions. As a tour guide, restaurant, or hotel owner, you can attend to the needs of international tourists, thus providing the best service possible. You can suggest different rooms and menus according to their requirements. You can explain to them about the amenities and special services that you provide. You can also get their feedback and act upon it where you feel your services can be improved.

Helpful in emergencies

In case of emergencies, like medical needs or currency exchange problems, you can help your guests in the best way possible. If someone gets lost, you can show him or her the way. You can guide them to a good hospital or doctor in case of medical emergencies. You can also contact their family members back home if needed.

Provide good resources

If you use English as a medium of communication in your hospitality and tourism business, then you can provide information about the destination, tour packages, hotels, airlines, or restaurants on your website, social media platforms, and travel blogs. So, interested tourists can use these resources to make informed decisions about their travel.

Facilitates business operations

If your workers and managers know English then it is possible to streamline various business activities. As English is the primary language of correspondence in the international market, you can do business correspondence, negotiations, and contracts easily without the involvement of any third party. You can set up offices overseas and conduct business smoothly. Different software that you use for running your business are in English. So, you can use them more efficiently if you and your workers have a good command of English. [img]

Common hospitality expressions in English

By knowing these common expressions in English, tour operators and hospitality professionals can give a great experience to the guests.

Improve your communication skills

In the hospitality and tourism business, you meet people from all over the world. They have different accents. So, even if they speak English, sometimes it can be difficult to understand what they are saying. So, pay attention to what the guests are saying. Take a few seconds to reply instead of drastically giving wrong information. You must always be polite to your guests. Don't hesitate to ask them for clarification if you are unclear about what they are saying. English is used more frequently in the hospitality and tourism industry than in any other sector. Its widespread use impacts tour operators, hotel and restaurant management, and the transport sector as well. If you have a tourism business in a place where English is used for communication, then that place will become a favorite for tourists. You will find hotels and restaurants having English-speaking staff more crowded than the other places. So, if you work in this industry, focus on improving your English communication skills to better serve the customers and improve your career.

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If you are running a business or working for a corporate firm, you must know how to communicate in English. After the invention of the Internet, the global business arena has transformed completely. Many businesses now have international clients and employees. So, it has become inevitable to strengthen your English skills so that you can communicate better with your stakeholders and work seamlessly with your multilingual team. [img]

English in meetings

Meetings are a regular event in any business. In a meeting, you discuss business progress, challenges, new rules, and other things. You must communicate well in meetings so that you can express your views to others clearly and grasp what others have to say. When you conduct meetings with clients, suppliers, or investors, the ability to communicate well in English during these sessions shows your credibility and professionalism. This helps to create a positive brand image, too. If you are conducting the business meeting, you must be well-prepared. You should know the agenda of the meeting in advance so that you can note down what to address in the meeting. If you have to show any information or statistics to the participants then you should prepare a presentation with attractive slides. Don't start the meeting by going straight into the topic of discussion. Welcome the participants and appreciate their presence. Introduce yourself and ask others to do the same. If you are conducting a regular business meeting with colleagues then you can skip this part. Try to make the environment friendly so that everyone can speak without any hesitation. You can then address the topic of discussion and share your thoughts. This is the point where you should show the presentation or analysis of any report that is relevant to the meeting topic. You must remember that in a meeting there will be two-way communication. You must listen to others and have an open mind to absorb different views. You must end your meeting by discussing courses of action and follow-ups. Use positive words to end the meetings. Whether you are leading the meeting or participating in it, you must know some common vocabulary. Here are some examples.

Opening the meeting

• "Good morning/afternoon everyone!" • "Welcome to this meeting." • "Thank you for joining us today." • "We want to discuss several important things today." • "The main objective of today's meeting is…"

Presenting ideas

• "The first item on our agenda is…" • "Let's start the meeting with an update on…" • "I would like to share the key findings from the latest sales report."

Clarifying matters

• "Can you talk about it more elaborately?" • "Can you clarify the point?"

Asking input

• "What are your thoughts on this matter?" • " Does anyone have anything to say?" • "Please share your ideas regarding the topic."

Making decisions by finding solutions

• "Let's brainstorm to find the appropriate solution to this problem." • "Please give me your feedback." • "Do you all agree on this?" • "Let's summarize the key points to come to a decision."

Closing the meeting

• " Let's summarize today's discussion." • "Before wrapping up, let's review the course of actions to be taken." • "Thank you everyone for your valuable contributions." • " Let's meet next week to follow up." These sentences are used often in meetings. So, practicing them can help you in conducting a meeting smoothly and successfully.

English in email communication

Email is the easiest mode of business communication today. Instead of having phone conversations, you can use email as the platform to communicate with clients, colleagues, and other stakeholders. Not knowing the modern email features may put you in a disadvantageous position. Many email software have auto grammar and spelling correction features. So, you won't have to worry about your minor English mistakes. These software also have commonly used sentences in store, like greetings and closing sentences. These suggestions are helpful when writing an email to your business partners or colleagues. You need to know how to send attachments, give replies, and forward emails to others. You must know about the use of 'cc' and 'bc' features. The subject line is very important in business communication. You should learn how to write a concise and clear subject line in your business emails. [img]

Report writing in English

You must write business reports in English so that everyone involved can understand. In a business report, you must present information in such a way that it is accessible to the company. Before writing a business report you should think about the audience and what they expect from the report. You should gather relevant information, facts, and statistics to organize your report. Use charts and tables to easily explain numbers and other information. The information you give in your report should help others involved in the business to make important decisions. Your report should contain the following sections in general: • a title page • table of contents • summary • introduction • body (research findings and analysis) • recommendation • conclusion • appendices You shouldn't make your report unnecessary. Remember that everyone in the corporate world is busy; so they expect reports that present information in a concise and clear manner. Demonstrating your ability to communicate in English in a business environment will give you lots of new career opportunities. You should consider learning English as a continuous process. The business communication tools are improving and you must adopt the new technologies to conduct meetings, write reports and proposals, and communicate with others. You can watch podcasts or read blogs to know the trends in business communication.

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11-19

Try reading a paragraph without any punctuation. Do you understand what the writer is trying to say? Probably not. Without the right use of punctuation, writing becomes almost unreadable. Punctuations are symbols that give meaning to the words you write. The reader pauses at the right places or reads with the right emotion. Here are some common punctuation rules that you must know when writing in English. [img]

Period or full stop

This punctuation mark indicates the end of a sentence. The rule is quite straightforward; once you complete expressing a point you mark the end of the sentence using a full stop. You can use full stop as abbreviations, like 'eg.', 'etc.'. In initials like 'Mr.' or 'Dr.; you use a full stop. It is also used in the case of indirect questions.

Commas

Commas can break up a sentence into small parts that are easily readable by making a small pause. It is used when you present ideas in a grouped form. The comma is used to separate different words in a list, like when listing your groceries. It is also used to separate a phrase that is an afterthought. For example, 'I will go to the gym if I feel ok'.

Semi-colon

This symbol has several uses in a sentence. It is used to link related sentences. Instead of using a full stop which might distract the reader, a semi-colon will hold on to the thought. It is used to link sentences that express opposite opinions. For example, 'His answer was wrong; however, his approach was right.' A semi-colon is also used to separate items in a list.

Colon

Before writing a list, you can use a colon. For example, ' The following students were absent today: Abir, Kabir, Sam, and John.' It is also used to conclude, like, 'Having patience is difficult: most of the time we tend to be restless in complex situations.'

Apostrophes

Apostrophes are used to show possession, like, 'John's books'. It is also used to contract words, such as, 'you're' instead of 'you are'.

Hyphen

It is used to join parts of words. It is often used in the case of compound modifiers. These consist of multiple words that function as one adjective to describe a single noun. Using a hyphen tells the reader that the words function together to mean one thing; for example, 'environment-friendly'. Many multi-term words use a hyphen, like 'mother-in-law'. When adding a prefix to a word, we use a hyphen. For instance, 'self-explanatory'. [img]

Quotation marks

This punctuation sets words separately from the rest of the passage or text. You can also use it to quote a source directly. Some other uses of quotation marks include writing dialogue and titles of creative works.

Question mark

As the name suggests, this punctuation mark is used in writing questions. Just like a full stop is used to mark the end of a statement, a question mark is used to show the end of a question. You can use a question mark inside a quotation mark as well.

Exclamation mark

An exclamation mark indicates emotions like surprise, sadness, happiness, and others. Example, 'Hurray!', or 'Alas!'. You can use it in a sentence too; like 'Get out of here!' Don't feel hesitated if you still end up turning the pages of a grammar book to see the proper usage of punctuation before writing something for academic or professional purposes. Even though you have studied the basic punctuation marks in school, applying them in real writing can be confusing even for the most experienced person. By knowing these basic rules of punctuation, you can avoid embarrassment in workplace.

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Persuasive writing is a skill that requires a lot of practice to develop. It is not easy to convince someone to agree with your opinions. Your writing must be powerful enough to influence the audience. It is a form of argumentative writing that includes logical arguments along with an emotional appeal to persuade readers to look at your point of view about a subject or issue. You will find this type of writing in most advertisements and marketing materials like brochures and magazines. Here are some tips for improving your persuasive writing skills. [img]

Choose topic carefully

It is difficult to write in persuasive style about a topic that you don't know much about or that doesn't appeal to you. You must own the topic to convince others. So, find out the topics that are close to your heart for this style of writing.

Know the audience

You need to use the right writing technique to convince your audience. For this, you first need to know your audience. You can structure your writing according to the audience's personality.

Grab the readers' attention

You must try to catch the readers' attention using interesting facts, statistics, or other research findings. These will support your thoughts and help to convince the readers. You should have counter-arguments to make the readers understand your point of view better.

Use empathy

Using emotion or empathy in persuasive writing is very effective. When the readers feel that you are respecting their needs and opinions, they will be convinced easily to turn towards you. Using empathy you can persuade the readers to think why their opinion must change. [img]

Use urgency and repetition

In persuasive writing, you must include urgency or a call to action. This stresses the importance of your opinion. You can use strategic repetition to remind the readers of your message slowly. You can use different techniques like metaphors, stories, or other literary devices to repeat what you are saying.

Know modes of persuasive writing

You should keep in mind that there are three modes of persuasive writing: ethos, logos, and. Ethos refers to the way you present yourself in the writing. You should establish your credibility so that the readers get convinced by your words. Logos means providing evidence and logical arguments to make your writing stronger. It includes using facts and statistics. Pathos refers to emotions. You can share a personal story to gain the readers' trust and sympathy, for example. That way the readers will understand your feelings and agree to your opinion.

Use strong and emotive words

In this type of writing, you should use strong words to emphasize your idea. You must also use emotive words to describe your feelings clearly. You must develop sentimental connections to your opinion so that the readers become inclined towards your thoughts.

Ask questions

You should ask rhetorical or other questions to keep readers thinking. They will wonder for some time about the topic in discussion. Questions can easily plant ideas in the readers' minds. You can carefully then lead the thought to your answers. In persuasive writing, it is better to use 'you' to address the readers. That way, it seems as if you are directly talking to the readers. It makes this writing style conversational. Some people are born with the ability to persuade others to accept their point of view. However, to convince someone by talking is different from that of writing which might not come naturally. You will have to learn the right techniques to write content in a persuasive tone.

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11-19

The ability to write good reports and proposals is a skill that will help you do well in your academic and professional lives. When you are in school or college, you will need to write reports often on various topics. The teachers give report writing as a major assignment to judge a student's research and analytical ability. In your professional life, you may need to submit weekly or monthly work-related reports to your senior managers, suppliers, or other stakeholders. [img]

Difference between a report and a proposal

A report and a proposal differ in structure and purpose. A report analyses an issue, identifies a problem giving relevant explanations and evidence. Then recommends actions that may help in decision making. A proposal, on the other hand, identifies a need and suggests how to meet the need. It provides a plan that others might consider. Here, persuasive language is used to persuade the readers. People often write proposals for projects to collect funds. So, the proposal must contain clear information and a message so that investors feel interested in providing funds for the project.

Formats of proposal and report

The format of a proposal and report is different. A proposal is shorter than a report. It consists of the following sections: • contents page • introduction • statement of need • project scope • technical specifications and other details • project cost • solutions or recommendations • deliverables • milestones timelines • summary or closing statement • appendix (add your research findings, facts, tables, graphs, or other extra information to support your proposal). A report contains more elaborate information. It has the following sections: • Table of contents • Introduction • Literature review (or background of the study) • Research instruments • Findings • Analysis • Summary and conclusion • Appendix • Bibliography (in APA or other styles) In a report, you may have to mention facts, works of others, and references to books and quotes. You need to mention all the sources of your information in the bibliography section. Otherwise, you may become a victim of plagiarism. [img]

How to write good reports or proposals

In the case of both reports and proposals, you must tailor your thoughts to meet the audience's expectations. For example, if you are writing a report on the sales progress of your team for an investor, then you must highlight information to show that your sales team is doing well and the company is progressing financially with a promising future. You must adopt a similar approach when presenting a proposal to a potential new investor of your company. You must then define the purpose and scope of your report or proposal. You need to be special about what you want to get from this report or proposal. Then put your content in a logical manner. You should include headings, subheadings, bullet points, tables, graphs, and other tools to explain the content clearly. You must choose words carefully. Avoid using slang, acronyms, or jargon as these will make the content difficult to understand. You must mention any assumptions you have made in writing the report or proposal and also the limitations you faced. You may recommend future courses of action in your report. You will find various online tools like paid templates or checklists to help you write proposals and reports. You can create nice tables or charts with different tools as well. A proposal or report must be well-formatted. You must revise the content before submission. A document that is free from grammatical, spelling, formatting, or punctuation errors is considered to be highly professional. So, you should review your document carefully.

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11-19

To apply for any job you must submit a cover letter and a resume. These two documents tell the recruiter about your background and help them decide whether to recruit you or not. A cover letter introduces yourself to an employer. It also tells the employer why you are the best fit for the particular job. A resume, on the other hand, provides an objective overview of your qualifications. [img]

Things to Include in a Cover letter

A cover letter is 300 to 500 words in length. In a cover letter, you must introduce yourself to the human resource manager or potential employer and tell them why you are interested in applying for the job. At the same time, you must tell them why you think you are the right candidate for the job. Resumes are often very long. The cover letter gives a sneak peek of your resume. Here you will mention your qualifications in brief. If you have any job or academic gap, or other issues you may state them in the cover letter. You must remember that a cover letter is actually a 'letter' or an 'application'. So, its format must be like that too. You should start with a salutation and then give your details in the body followed by a professional closing. You can start the cover letter with 'Dear Sir', or 'Dear Mr. X' in case the contact person's name is mentioned in the job posting or advertisement. Sometimes, the company tells you to send your resume to the HR department. In such case, you can write, 'Dear HR team' or 'Dear Hiring Manager'. You must include your contact information, date, and the contact details of the potential employer ( if you have the details). In the introduction paragraph, you should mention the position you are applying for and where you got to know about this vacancy. You should state that you are interested in applying for the job. You must also introduce yourself in short here. In the body paragraphs of the cover letter, you should highlight a few important qualifications of yourself that match the job descriptions. You must also talk about any academic, professional, or other noteworthy achievements in life. If you have done any voluntary work, you should mention that as well. Having membership in professional organizations also strengthens your resume. So, mention that as well, if you have any. You can write how your contribution can help the company to move forward. Like a typical letter or application, you must finish the cover letter with a closing statement like 'Sincerely', or 'Best regards' followed by your name or signature. Before writing the cover letter, you should do some research about the hiring company. You can mention a few positive things about the company in your cover letter to show the recruiter how interested you are in working for them. This information will also set your cover letter apart from others. Lots of cover letter templates are now available online. You can use them to make your cover letter structurally correct. You should proofread your cover letter before sending it. Look out for clarity, tone, relevance, grammar, spelling, and overall formatting of your cover letter. [img]

Things to include in a resume

You should design your resume according to the type of job you are applying for. If the job is in the academic field, then you should highlight your academic experience and achievements. If it's in the corporate field then your focus should be on your related experience. Once you know which information to highlight in your resume, decide on the resume format. You can choose the chronological resume format which showcases your experience in chronological order starting from the latest one. The functional resume format focuses on your training and skills. If you have limited experience or employment gaps, then you should choose this format. In the combination resume format, you can highlight both your training and experience. If you have many years of work experience then you can choose this format. A resume has several sections. Contact details a vital information that you must include in your resume. After all, your prospective employer will contact you if they like your resume. You must include your full name, phone number, email address, home address, and a link to any professional website. Next, write 'objective' or 'profile'. It's an introduction that tells about your career objective and a summary qualifications. After this start writing about your academic qualifications, work experience, and achievements using a suitable resume format. You will find free or paid online resume templates. You can use those as well. You should include a 'skills' section to showcase your various skills. You shouldn't leave out any significant achievement in your life in your resume. You must remember that your resume must stand out from others to secure that job position. So, include your training, credentials, certifications, and volunteer work to make your resume stronger.

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[img]You must have written an essay in school or college. It's a common assignment that teachers give to test your knowledge about a topic and your research and writing skills. Essays are not only helpful in your academic life, but in your professional life as well. You may have to write a business proposal or a report on something. If you know how to write a basic essay, you can easily complete these writing jobs at work.

Types of essays

Before knowing the steps of writing an essay, you should understand the different types of essays that exist. The different types of essays include argumentative, narrative, descriptive, and expository essays. The goal of each essay is to inform or persuade the readers. Argumentative and expository essays are similar in a way that both these essays make clear points to convey specific information. Narrative and descriptive essays, on the other hand, are more focused on creativity. In an argumentative essay, you will do research to come up with your own opinion regarding a subject. You must present evidence to support your judgment. In the case of an expository essay, you should gain in-depth knowledge about a subject to tell readers about it. In narrative essays, you write about your experience so you must use a compelling tone to encourage readers to read your writing. Descriptive essays are mostly about explaining sensory details.

Steps in writing an essay

Any essay follows three basic steps: planning, writing, and editing. Each of these stages has several sub-sections that you must include in your essay.

Planning

The planning stage starts with finding a good research topic. You can sit with your teacher, discuss with friends, or search online for a good essay topic. After you have decided on the topic, you should write an interesting title for your essay. Next, you should develop a thesis statement. In this statement apart from mentioning your topic you will give reasons to support your idea. You must create an outline for your essay. This will keep you focused and help you to construct your ideas better. The right approach is the collect the main information about the topic and then explain your thesis statement in detail with supporting information. [img]

Writing

Start your essay with an interesting sentence. This will hook the readers to your essay and they will want to read the rest of your essay. It must be a startling or powerful statement, like a surprising statistic, an anecdote, or a fact. Then use some background information followed by your thesis statement. The background information may include the preconditions of an invention, the effects of an event, and others. After the thesis statement, you need to form the body paragraphs to present your central arguments that are mentioned in the thesis statement. Commonly, the school-level essays have three paragraphs and the more advanced-level essays have a 5-paragraph body. Each of your paragraphs must start with a topic sentence stating what the paragraph is about. Then you must provide supporting information about the topic sentences, mentioning sources of your information where appropriate. Next, analyze the information you have written in the paragraph. You must give your opinions at this stage. Provide a smooth transition to the next paragraph. In your conclusion, you should give a summary of all the information you have mentioned and the analysis you have done. You need to restate your thesis statement so that the reader understands that you are in line with the topic. Mention the impact of your essay and the larger implications it may have. You can leave a question at the end to keep the reader thinking further about the topic.

Editing

After completing your essay must spend time reviewing and edit the essay. You may include new information or get rid of unnecessary information. It is important to check the grammar, spelling, and structure of your sentences. You will find various editing tools online like 'Grammarly' to help you edit the essay. Proofread your essay word-by-word to make it look professional. Read the essay guidelines thoroughly to make sure that you have written your essay in the desired format. When writing an essay you will need to do a lot of research online and offline. You must be careful to mention the sources whenever you quote someone else's work. Be careful not to have any plagiarism issues with your essay. You will find plagiarism tools like 'Grammarly', 'Small SEO tools', 'Copyscape', and others to check your essay for plagiarism. Also, different AI tools are available today that can write the entire essay in a few seconds. Most academic or professional organizations will discourage you from using any AI tool for writing essays. So, check out the essay writing guidelines to ensure that you don't violate any rules.

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[img]Being strong in vocabulary doesn't mean that your English writing will be good. You must grasp a good writing style to make your writing more readable and understandable. A good writing style can also attract more readers. You can have a good writing style by incorporating simple words and small sentences. The writing style is the tone that a writer uses to express an idea. Everyone has a unique writing style, which is reflected in their choice of words, sentence structure, and overall structure. You must learn several different writing styles to accommodate different audiences. You cannot write a business proposal the same way you write a personal blog. If you don't adopt different writing styles then you will be limiting your ability to only specific types of writing. Therefore, the best suggestion is to learn the most common writing styles so that you can write any type of writing in the best way possible.

Types of Writing Styles

The most common types of writing styles include expository, descriptive, narrative, and persuasive writing. If you want to share facts and information regarding a topic then you use the expository writing style. News articles, nonfiction books, and technical writing use this style. Descriptive writing provides a lot of sensory details so that the readers can picture what the author is saying. Poets and sometimes novelists use this style of writing. When you want to write something creative or from your own experience, you write in narrative style. In resumes and letters of recommendation, you must use persuasive writing styles. When you write sales copies, this style is appropriate.

Tips for improving writing style

There are many ways to improve your current writing style. Along with knowing the techniques, you must practice them to get a hold of them. Here are some tips you can follow.

Be straightforward

You must write in a clear and concise form so that the readers can understand your thoughts easily. Refrain from using unnecessary filler words like adverbial phrases. Don't use these to make your writing long. Remember that a long piece of content is not necessarily the best one.

Choose words carefully

A word often has different meanings in different contexts. Choose words that express exactly what you want to communicate. It is better to choose a simple word rather than a complex one as your reader may not understand its meaning. You can look up online for synonyms that may go with your sentence.

Use short sentences and paragraphs

Try to use short sentences which are easy to read. A reader won't be able to retain too much information in a single line. So, split a long sentence, instead for clarity. As a rule of thumb, use one sentence to convey one thought only. The same thing is true in the case of paragraphs. Short paragraphs are easy to conceive. They also look visually appealing as they create white spaces.

Use active voice

You must always try to use an active voice. It is the direct way to express your point. It is better to write that the subject is doing something rather than something is being done to the subject. Active voice also creates a simpler and shorter sentence than a passive voice.

Use conversational tone

You must write in your unique voice. So, it's good to have a conversational tone that is actually your comfort zone. Try to avoid using cliches and instead use your own voice. Your writing must be a reflection of your personality. [img]

Avoid redundancies

Many writers find it difficult to avoid redundancies. We often use redundancies without realizing when we speak and so we put those in our writing too. For example, 'beginners lack experience', 'near future', 'don't repeat again', and more. Redundancies make your writing poor.

Use parallelism

Parallelism develops clarity. It allows the reader to read a sentence smoothly and understand it well. It also helps to link relevant ideas and show clearly the relationships among them.

Avoid using masculine generics

Masculine generic means using 'he' or 'him' in situations that involve both genders. Instead, write 'he' or 'she', 'him' or 'her'. This reflects that you are not biased towards males and also you consider both genders to play equal roles in society. You must review and edit your writing. You will surely find some mistakes. At the same time, you may think of better words or structures to modify your writing. You must read books of great authors to see their writing style and learn from them.

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Even if you are a pro-English writer, it is very unlikely that your writing will be 100% flawless. You are bound to find mistakes in spelling, grammar, punctuation, style, or structure. Here we are going to look at the most common mistakes that you may encounter in your writing and learn how to fix them. [img]

Run-on sentences

It is a very common grammatical mistake. It occurs when two thoughts are not joined properly. Fused sentences and comma slices fall in this category. These sentences make it difficult for the readers to see from where the sentence had started and in which direction it was progressing. For example, 'John loves ice cream it's his favorite.' This is a run-on sentence that confuses the reader. You can place a 'semi-color' after ice cream, to make more sense out of the sentence. Comma slices are another way you get a run-on sentence. Here the writer uses a comma inappropriately between the independent clauses. Coordinating conjunctions, like 'and', must be used here to show the connection between the two sentence fragments.

Passive voice

It is better to avoid the use of passive voice as it makes sentences complicated. When you use passive voice, the receiver of the action becomes the main focus of the sentence instead of the subject or the person performing it. So, use active voice, instead. For example, 'The car was bought by him.' – Passive voice 'He bought the car'. – Active voice When you focus on the subject, the sentence turns out to be easily understandable.

Subject-verb disagreement

Understanding subject-verb agreement in a sentence is very easy; however, writers often make mistakes when using it. Logically, a singular subject will be followed by a singular verb. A plural subject, on the other hand, will be followed by a plural verb. As 's' is often included in the singular verb, the writer may get confused about it. Just remember that when you have a third-person singular subject in the present tense, you will add an 's' at the verb's end. For example, 'John eats an apple'; not 'John eats an apple'. However, don't add 's' to the verb when the subject is 'I', 'we', or 'they'. For example, instead of using 'I eat popcorn', it will be 'I eat popcorn'. [img]

Incorrect choice of word

Some words can be very confusing; especially those that sound alike but have a different meaning and spelling. For example, 'whether' or 'weather'. You must know the meaning of these words to use them properly in sentences. If you don't know the correct meaning of the word, then you will be conveying the wrong message to the readers.

Dangling modifiers

These are phrases or words that describe a different part of a sentence. For example, After playing, Alice went to bed'. Here, 'after playing' modifies 'Alice'. However, if the subject is not in the correct position in the sentence, then the modifier can end up describing the wrong thing. This may alter the meaning of the sentence. For example, when standing in the yard, a report about the weather worried Stephen. Here, 'when standing in the yard' is supposed to modify 'Stephen'.

The right use of apostrophes

The most common use of apostrophes is to show ownership and to contract a word. In case of contraction, it can be confusing to put the apostrophe in the right place. For example, instead of 'you're' it should be 'you're' to replace 'you are'. Sometimes the writer may miss the apostrophe. You should learn the right use of apostrophes to avoid making these mistakes. The best approach to avoid making these mistakes is to learn about the correct usage of subject-verb agreement, apostrophes, and words. You can read books and magazines to notice how the authors have used these the right way.

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Places

Medical abbreviations

Medical field

Disease

Medical personnel

Common Health Problems

Treatments

Greater customer satisfaction

Helpful in emergencies

Provide good resources

Facilitates business operations

Common hospitality expressions in English

Greetings

Offering assistance

Giving directions

Developing rapport with guests

Compliments

Take orders and make recommendations

Apologies

Solving problem

Departure phrases

Farewells

Improve your communication skills

English in meetings

Opening the meeting

Presenting ideas

Clarifying matters

Asking input

Making decisions by finding solutions

Closing the meeting

English in email communication

Report writing in English

Period or full stop

Commas

Semi-colon

Colon

Apostrophes

Hyphen

Quotation marks

Question mark

Exclamation mark

Choose topic carefully

Know the audience

Grab the readers' attention

Use empathy

Use urgency and repetition

Know modes of persuasive writing

Use strong and emotive words

Ask questions

Difference between a report and a proposal

Formats of proposal and report

How to write good reports or proposals

Things to Include in a Cover letter

Things to include in a resume

Types of essays

Steps in writing an essay

Planning

Writing

Editing

Types of Writing Styles

Tips for improving writing style

Be straightforward

Choose words carefully

Use short sentences and paragraphs

Use active voice

Use conversational tone

Avoid redundancies

Use parallelism

Avoid using masculine generics

Run-on sentences

Passive voice

Subject-verb disagreement

Incorrect choice of word

Dangling modifiers

The right use of apostrophes